In daily life, we often come into contact with various types of glass materials. In addition to traditional flat glass, there are also glass materials with special properties such as ultra-clear glass and high borosilicate glass, as well as insulating glass and laminated glass. Common materials. In order to let everyone know more about the production process of glass, we collected information and compiled this article, hoping to be helpful.
1. What is the production process of fireproof glass?
Fireproof glass production process
1. Composite fireproof glass
The production process of traditional composite fireproof glass generally adopts the grouting method, and the intumescent flame retardant adhesive is used between three or more pieces of glass, and the formula containing water glass is mostly used. The glass layer becomes opaque and plays the role of fire and heat insulation. The production process is: first cut multiple pieces of glass into the same size, seal the surrounding with border strips, leave a grouting port, and wait until the frame and the glass are firmly bonded After pouring fire-proof liquid from the grouting port, it is solidified and sealed. This type of fire-proof glass is different according to the formula and structure of the flame retardant, and the general fire-proof time is between 30-90 minutes. Most of the fire-proof glass produced by the grouting method can be It meets the three performance indicators of refractory integrity, radiation and heat insulation, and belongs to the A-class product in the national standard. At present, most domestic manufacturers of fireproof glass using grouting method are manual production, with low degree of automation and uneven product quality. During the process, the flame retardant often becomes cloudy and small bubbles appear.
2. Monolithic fireproof glass
The common flat glass in the construction market belongs to soda-lime-silica glass, its softening temperature is below 700 ℃, and the single-piece use does not have fire resistance. The softening point of quartz glass is above 1200 ℃, which can meet the requirements of fire-resistant integrity, but its price is expensive .The softening temperature of borosilicate glass is higher than that of ordinary soda lime silicate glass, which can reach 820 °C. After heat treatment, it can be used as a single piece of fireproof glass. In recent years, physical and chemical tempering of soda silicate glass has appeared. There are some patents in the United States, Japan and domestic companies to deal with the method of making it fire-resistant glass. When ordinary glass encounters fire, it will break due to thermal stress. It can be broken due to thermal stress. The super toughened glass produces a higher toughening stress than ordinary toughened glass, and can withstand the thermal stress caused by the flame, so it can be used as a single piece of fireproof glass. This type of fireproof glass can only meet the The fire-resistant integrity requirements belong to the C-class products in the national standard. It can be made into composite fire-resistant glass by other processing techniques. The chemical tempering method can increase the compressive stress of the glass surface, improve the surface and edge grinding defects, so that it can withstand Higher thermal stress. According to the thermal stress formula of glass, the temporary thermal stress generated when the fireproof glass is heated is proportional to the temperature difference around the glass. When a fire occurs, the temperature difference between the two sides of the glass can be The stress is about 224Mpa, and the super-strengthened glass can withstand greater temporary thermal stress than this, so it will not break. In fact, when a fire occurs, the temperature difference generally occurs at the edge and middle of the glass, and the tempered glass is broken. It starts from the edge, and measures to improve the glass edge to withstand temporary stress are the key to the manufacture and installation of single-piece fireproof glass. The single-piece fireproof glass used for fire protection purposes relies on the prestress resistance formed by tempering in the early stage of fire. The thermal stress formed by the flame; as the temperature of the glass rises, the glass itself begins to stress relaxation until the complete stress disappears; the glass softens and collapses as the temperature continues to rise, and loses its fire-resistant integrity. Generally, the glass is 30 minutes before the fire. The thermal stress is relatively large, because the temperature difference of the glass is large at this time; then the glass is annealed, and the thermal stress is reduced; after being subjected to flame burning for 1 hour, the glass becomes softened, and can only be maintained by the clamping effect of the installation frame. Long-term fire-resistant integrity. The fire-resistant glass installation frame and glass also meet the corresponding fire rating.
3. Wired fireproof glass
Wired glass is a kind of ordinary flat glass produced by calendering method. When the glass ribbon is formed between calendering rollers, the heated wire mesh is placed in the glass plate, and then cut into glass pieces, that is, the wire is produced. Glass. Wired glass can play a fire prevention and anti-theft function. When a fire occurs, the wired glass is preheated and broken, but the glass fragments remain on the metal mesh and will not fall off. The whole glass maintains a certain integrity. Prevent flame penetration and play a role in preventing the spread of fire.
4. The characteristics of a single piece of fireproof glass
The single-piece fireproof glass has good performance and simple installation structure. The single-piece fireproof glass has been combined with physical toughening and chemical toughening, and has all the properties of toughened glass. It is a safety glass product.
① The optical performance of the product is good, and the transmittance is the same as that of ordinary float glass;
②The glass has high strength, which is six times that of ordinary float glass;
③It can be combined into glass with various functions, such as:
a. Two pieces of glass are compounded into insulating glass, which has the functions of energy saving, heat insulation and sound insulation.
b. A layer of film is coated on the surface of the glass, which has the effect of heat reflection and beautiful appearance.
④Because of the combination of physical strengthening and chemical strengthening, the penetration of potassium ions makes the micro-cracks on the glass surface greatly reduced. There are both physical strengthening compressive stress layers and chemical strengthening ion exchange compressive stress layers on the glass surface. The mechanical strength and thermal shock strength of the glass are greatly improved.
2. How many kinds of glass crafts are there?
Mainly Includes:
① Raw material preprocessing. Crushing the bulk raw materials (quartz sand, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc.), drying the wet raw materials, and removing iron from the iron-containing raw materials to ensure the quality of the glass.
②Preparation of ingredients.
③ Melting. The glass batch is heated at a high temperature (1550~1600 degrees) in a pool kiln or crucible kiln to form a uniform, bubble-free liquid glass that meets the molding requirements.
④Molding. The liquid glass is processed into products of the required shape, such as flat plates, various utensils, etc.
⑤ heat treatment. Through annealing, quenching and other processes, the stress, phase separation or crystallization inside the glass is eliminated or generated, and the structural state of the glass is changed.
Frosted glass processing method:
First, place the flat glass to be processed flat on the worktable with duffel or cotton blanket, then stack an appropriate amount of fine emery on the glass surface, hold the emery back with a coarse porcelain bowl, and press the bottom of the bowl with both hands to push in a circle. . Grinding can also be done with a higher terrazzo floor grindstone. The grinding operation should start from the four peripheral corners and gradually move to the middle, until the glass surface is ground into a uniform milky white, and it is enough to transmit light and not see through.
Silver photoetched glass processing method:
First, wash the flat glass with water and dry it, then coat it with paraffin wax, then carve various patterns on the paraffin wax, and use a 1:5 concentration of hydrofluoric acid solution to corrode the glass surface. Then, the hydrofluoric acid was removed to remove the paraffin, and the glass was cleaned with water.
Others such as stained glass can be processed by lamination or spraying, and the specific method is omitted. On the ground and vertical wall, make sure to fix the lower wall structure, skeleton column beam, glass processing and cutting to install the upper and all wood (metal) skeleton, glass installation, trim painting and cleaning.
3. Related concepts
3.1 Tempered glass
Tempered glass/Reinforced glass is safety glass. Tempered glass is actually a kind of prestressed glass. In order to improve the strength of the glass, chemical or physical methods are usually used to form compressive stress on the surface of the glass. When the glass is subjected to external force, it first offsets the surface stress, thereby improving the bearing capacity and enhancing the resistance of the glass itself. Wind pressure, cold and heat, impact, etc. Pay attention to distinguish it from glass fiber reinforced plastic.
3.2 Glass
Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, generally made of a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added. of. Its main components are silica and other oxides. The chemical composition of ordinary glass is Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, etc. The main component is silicate double salt, which is an amorphous solid with random structure. It is widely used in buildings to block wind and light, and belongs to a mixture. There are also colored glass mixed with oxides or salts of certain metals to show color, and tempered glass obtained by physical or chemical methods. Sometimes some transparent plastics (such as polymethyl methacrylate) are also called plexiglass.
3.3 Chemistry
The word "chemistry", if taken literally, is "the science of change." Chemistry, like physics, is the basic science of natural science. Chemistry is an experiment-based natural science. The periodic table of chemical elements proposed by Mendeleev greatly promoted the development of chemistry. Nowadays, many people call chemistry "central science" because chemistry is the core of some scientific disciplines, such as materials science, nanotechnology, and biochemistry. Chemistry is a natural science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changing laws of matter at the atomic level, which is also the core basis of chemical changes. There are five secondary disciplines under modern chemistry: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and polymer chemistry. Chemistry is a kind of natural science. It studies the composition, properties, structure and changing laws of substances at the molecular and atomic levels; it is the science of creating new substances. The world is made up of matter, and chemistry is one of the main methods and means that humans use to understand and transform the material world. It is a discipline with a long history and vitality, and its achievements are an important symbol of social civilization. There are two forms of change in chemistry: chemical change and physical change.
-转自中国玻璃网
