The glass industry is an important basic raw material industry that supports the development of the national economy. Its products are mainly used in many industries and fields such as construction, transportation, household appliances, modern agriculture and strategic emerging industries. It is not only an important means of production, but also an important means of life. . According to the "Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China", "Made in China 2025", "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting Steady Growth, Adjusting Structure and Increasing Benefits of Building Materials Industry", "Building Materials Industry Development Plan" (2016-2020)", "Guiding Opinions on the "Thirteenth Five-Year" Development of Building Materials Industry" and related policies and regulations, combined with the development of the glass industry in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and the judgment of the situation facing the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China State Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. The Glass and Industrial Glass Association has compiled the "Guiding Opinions on the Development of the Glass Industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan" period as a guiding document for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the glass industry and achieving sustainable development during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
1. Development Status
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's glass industry continued to develop rapidly, which not only met the needs of the continuous development of the construction industry, transportation industry, furniture industry, information industry, new energy industry and other industries, but also met the needs of continuous improvement of people's living standards. . Significant progress has been made in structural adjustment, independent innovation, energy conservation and emission reduction, and the foundation has been laid for the transformation from a big glass country to a strong glass country.
In 2015, the output of flat glass was 787 million weight boxes, an increase of 16.9% over 2010; the output of tempered glass was 450 million square meters, the output of laminated glass was 110 million square meters, the output of insulating glass was 460 million square meters, and the output of processed photovoltaic glass was 320 million square meters; The main business income of glass machinery was 31.07 billion yuan, an increase of 11.2% over 2010.
(1) The scale of the industry continues to expand
After years of development, my country's glass industry has formed the world's largest product manufacturing and processing capabilities, as well as industrial supporting capabilities including machinery and equipment manufacturing, technical engineering services, etc., and the industry scale has continued to expand.
1. Flat glass
In 2015, flat glass enterprises above designated size achieved sales revenue of 59.58 billion yuan. As of the end of 2015, the total production capacity of flat glass was 1.3 billion weight boxes, of which there were more than 90 float glass manufacturers, with a total of 325 float glass production lines. The production capacity is 1.187 billion weight boxes.
Ultra-clear rolled glass. With the transfer of the international photovoltaic module manufacturing center to China, ultra-clear rolled glass has developed rapidly since 2006. By the end of 2015, there were 76 melting furnaces and 169 ultra-clear rolled glass production lines in China, with a total scale of 22,850t/d, ranking among the top The world's first. The production concentration of solar rolled glass enterprises is at a relatively high level. According to the statistics of China Architectural Glass and Industrial Glass Association, the top five solar ultra-clear rolled glass manufacturers in my country account for 57.6% of the national solar ultra-clear rolled glass market share.
2. Processing glass
In recent years, glass processing has developed rapidly, and a processing glass system with varieties, equipment and standards has been formed. In 2015, there were 528 enterprises above designated size, with total assets of 139.1 billion yuan and profits of 13 billion yuan. The deep processing rate was 53.1%, an increase of 19 percentage points over 2010.
3. Glass machinery manufacturing
The glass machinery manufacturing industry continues to develop towards automation, integration, intelligence, specialization and service, from low-end to high-end. The high, medium and low-end market shares account for 20%, 40% and 40% respectively. for different users. By the end of 2015, there were more than 300 glass machinery manufacturing enterprises above designated size in my country, and the annual manufacturing capacity of flat glass and glass processing machinery and equipment reached 300,000 units (sets).
(2) Gradually optimize the industrial structure
The development momentum of homogeneous technology in traditional industries, which is mainly based on speed and increment, has slowed down. Technological innovation has promoted the upgrading of technical equipment and products, and promoted structural adjustment and optimization.
1. Process technology structure optimization
(1) The backward technology is gradually eliminated. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 169 million weight boxes with backward technology were eliminated. At present, only a small amount of flat drawing method (including grid method) is left behind in the production line.
(2) The scale of the single line continues to expand. By the end of 2015, the cumulative average scale of a single line of float glass was 612t/d, an increase of 91t/d compared with 2010; a large float glass production line of 900-1300t/d has been successfully built using domestic technology.
(3) The proportion of float and high-quality float is increasing year by year. Float glass accounted for 88% of flat glass, an increase of 4 percentage points over 2010; high-quality float accounted for 31.5% of the total float glass, an increase of 12 percentage points over 2010.
2. The product structure is constantly adjusted, the added value continues to increase, and the industrial chain continues to extend
Main manifestations: First, the variety of products continues to increase, and new glass products such as ultra-thick, ultra-thin, Low-E energy-saving glass, TCO coated glass, and high borosilicate fireproof glass are gradually industrialized; second, the glass deep processing rate has been continuously improved. reached 53.1%.
3. Industrial concentration has increased
The number of enterprises with a production capacity of more than 50 million weight boxes increased from 1 in 2010 to 8 in 2015, accounting for 45.4% of the national total. In 2015, the production concentration of the top 10 glass enterprises was 53.4%.
(3) Remarkable achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction
Through the large-scale melting furnace and the adoption of various energy-saving and consumption-reducing measures, the energy consumption level of flat glass has been significantly reduced. In 2015, the unit comprehensive energy consumption of flat glass was 13.2 kg of standard coal/weight box, which was 10.7% lower than that in 2010.
With the improvement of awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources, the extensive development mode of fighting resources and environment has been suppressed. Technologies such as waste heat utilization and flue gas treatment have been fully promoted and applied. By 2015, the float glass production and operation enterprises have basically installed environmental protection facilities such as desulfurization and denitration, and some production lines have installed waste heat generator sets. In 2015, compared with 2010, the emission of particulate matter per unit product decreased by 7.7%, the emission of nitrogen oxides decreased by 20.2%, and the emission of sulfur dioxide decreased by 10.3%.
(4) The capability of independent innovation has been enhanced, and progress has been made in industrial technological progress and management innovation
Through technological transformation and technological innovation, the overall technical equipment level and product quality of float glass have been significantly improved, the upgrading of core equipment has been accelerated, and the pace of emerging industries has accelerated. Photovoltaic glass ranks first in the world; 0.3mm TFT-LCD substrate glass and 0.3mm soda-lime-silicon ultra-thin electronic glass have been successfully mass-produced; Low-E glass has been continuously improved in energy-saving performance and gradually reduced in cost; TCO coated glass, vacuum glass, boron New types of glass such as silicate fire-resistant glass are constantly emerging.
Relying on the "Technology R&D Center" and the industry innovation platform, explore the industrial technology innovation alliance combining production, learning, research and application to solve key industry problems; R&D investment has increased; management innovation has made progress. Due to the improvement of technical level and management level, the total yield of float glass has increased from 80% to 85% to 85% to 90%. , the production efficiency is greatly improved.
(5) The pace of international operation is accelerated, and “going out” has become a new development highlight
my country is the largest producer, consumer market and exporter of flat glass, and the import and export trade continues to grow. In 2015, the annual export of flat glass was 44.96 million weight boxes, accounting for 5.7% of the total output. In addition, the export of processed glass and other products accounted for 10.1%. an increase from 2010.
Based on the overall improvement of the level of technical equipment, we will continue to expand technical output and services, and carry out general contracting and turnkey projects. Up to now, there are more than 40 production lines for external technology export and general contracting projects.
(6) The development mode of the industry is changing
The extensive development model and irrational expansion thinking that simply pursues quantity and scale have changed, and overcapacity has been initially curbed; insist on determining development goals and adjusting development strategies based on the conditions of resources and environmental endowments, as well as their own advantages and characteristics; The concept of benefit is generally enhanced. Establish a green development concept of saving resources and reducing emissions. Green development has become a consensus, awareness of energy conservation, emission reduction, and comprehensive utilization of resources has generally increased, and energy and resource consumption per unit of product and pollutant emissions have shown a downward trend.
(7) The economic composition and capital structure of the industry have undergone major changes, and the degree of marketization has been greatly improved
Before the 1990s, the economic structure of the glass industry was dominated by state-owned enterprises and a small number of joint ventures. After entering the new century, it has transformed into private holdings, collective holdings, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business holdings and foreign holdings coexisting, of which private holdings and collective holdings account for more than 60%, and have become the main body of the industry, and state-owned holding companies are less than 10%.
(8) Problems exist
The serious structural excess of flat glass production capacity is the result of the superposition of various factors, which has affected the healthy development of the industry. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, although the efforts to eliminate backward production capacity have been increased, the elimination target has not been completed, and the growth momentum of new production capacity has not been effectively curbed.
The quality of float glass in my country has made great progress as a whole, but there is still a gap compared with the international advanced level. In terms of product structure, there is currently a surplus of ordinary float glass, but there are structural gaps at the same time, and some electronic glass, automotive glass, high-grade architectural glass, etc. still need to be imported; deep processing is insufficient, and most processed products are still at the low end of the value chain. Low.
The concentration of the top 10 float glass companies is only 53%, with relatively scattered production, weak ability to resist risks, lack of industry leaders with outstanding technology and market leadership, strong brand influence, and international competitiveness.
The contribution rate of scientific and technological innovation to the economic benefits of the glass industry is relatively low, and the rate of new products is relatively small; only a few large enterprises have established technology centers, and the investment in technological development is seriously insufficient; basic research and applied basic research are weak, and lack independent intellectual property rights and technical reserves. The technical level of the products is the same, and the phenomenon of homogeneous competition is serious.
