Curtain wall glass can be seen everywhere in our life, mostly used in large landmark buildings, high-end office buildings and large shopping malls, etc. However, with the increasing popularity of curtain wall glass, it has also been used in door and window design in recent years. However, how many people really understand the basic knowledge of door, window and curtain wall glass?
1. What is visible light transmittance?
The intensity of light transmitted through glass as a percentage of the intensity of incident light in the visible spectrum (380 nanometers to 780 nanometers).
2. What is the visible light reflectivity?
Light intensity reflected by glass as a percentage of incident light intensity in the visible spectrum (380 nanometers to 780 nanometers).
3. What is solar transmittance?
The percentage of solar energy intensity transmitted through glass to incident solar energy intensity in the solar spectrum (300nm to 2500nm, including ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light).
4. What is solar reflectance?
The percentage of solar energy intensity reflected by glass to incident solar energy intensity in the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm, including UV, visible, and near-infrared light).
5. What is the U value (K value)?
The U value (K value) is the heat transfer coefficient of the glass assembly. Under ASHRAE standard conditions, the heat transfer from air to air is formed due to the heat transfer of glass and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.
Its imperial units are: British thermal unit per hour per square foot per Fahrenheit. Metric units are: Watts per square meter per Kelvin The lower the U value, the lower the heat transfer through glass.
6. What are the ASHRAE winter U-value conditions?
Outdoor air temperature is 0°F (-18°C), city air temperature is 70°F (21°C), outdoor air velocity is 15mph (24km/h), indoor air convection, and sunlight intensity is 0 BTU/ h-ft2 (?W/m2) (night).
7. What are the ASHRAE Summer U-value conditions?
Outdoor air temperature is 90°F (-18°C), city air temperature is 75°F (21°C), outdoor air velocity is 7.5mph (12km/h), indoor air convection, and sunlight intensity is 248BTU/ h-ft2 (?W/m2) (daytime).
8. What is the shading coefficient SC?
Under the same conditions, the ratio of the amount of solar radiation energy passing through a glass component to the amount passing through 3 mm of transparent glass is the shading coefficient of the component, expressed by SC. The smaller the shading factor, the better the performance of blocking direct sunlight.
9. What is relative heat?
In summer, when the sun is in direct sunlight, the instantaneous total heat gain through the glass assembly, including solar radiation heat gain and thermal radiation heat gain. The lower the relative heat, the better the energy saving performance. relatively hot
RHG=20(y SC +14, Usum [BTU/h-ft2] or, RHG=8, Usum+630, SC [W/m2].
10. What is thermal stress cracking?
The phenomenon of uneven temperature cracking in different parts of the same piece of glass is called thermal stress cracking. The thermal stress cracking phenomenon is characterized by regular and right-angle cracks at the edge of the glass, and the cracks in the middle of the glass are arcs rather than straight lines.
11. What are several factors that affect thermal stress?
Building orientation, cold weather conditions, glazing size and shape, HVAC location, window frame systems, indoor and outdoor shading, glazing bulk absorption.
12. What is heat reflective glass?
Heat reflective glass is commonly known as coated glass, which is usually composed of 1 to 3 films on the surface of the glass. The shading coefficient of the heat reflective glass is SC=0.2~0.6.
13. What are the characteristics of heat reflective glass?
Ideal visible light transmittance and reflectivity, multiple reflective shades, low solar gain, ideal shading factor.
14. What is the application of one-way transparent glass?
It is mainly used in concealed observation windows, and uses vacuum magnetron sputtering equipment to coat transparent glass or tinted glass. The film surface must face the observed room with a bright light source, and an appropriate illuminance ratio must be created to achieve the desired effect.
15. What is wind load capacity?
That is, the ability to withstand uniform wind pressure. It is related to factors such as the size and thickness of the glass.
16. What is the control range of the breakage probability?
Theoretically, it is controlled within the range of 3% (deductible breakage rate). Due to market changes, it is no longer possible to achieve this.
17. How many types of substrates (original glass) are there?
There are two types of clear glass and tinted glass. The tinted glass often used in CSG are: F green (G R2), H green (GR5), China green (GR8), lake blue (AZ), American blue green (PG4), Belgian blue green (BL6).
18. What are the colors of coated glass?
The coated glass produced by CSG includes gray, silver gray, blue gray, brown, gold, yellow, basket color, green, blue-green, pure gold, purple, rose red, neutral color, etc.
19. What is film dry pulling?
Does the film thickness affect the permeation color? The color produced by a very thin layer of gasoline film in soap bubbles and water bleaching is called the film permeation color, which is not the color of the film material, but is produced by the interaction of light and the film. When the thickness of the film on the coated glass changes, the interference color changes, which is why the coated glass has a variety of colors. The color of the coated glass with colored glass as the substrate is the color of the glass body, not the color of the glass.
20. Does the film surface pollution affect the color?
The film is involved in the color-coated glass, even if a thin and transparent contamination film is adhered, the color of the glass will change significantly. A fouling film of uneven thickness can turn the appearance into a mess.
21. What is glass mosaic?
Glass mosaic is a square glass product made of quartz, feldspar, soda ash, fluoride and other ingredients that are melted at high temperature and then processed into a square shape (general specifications are 20 × 20mm; 25 × 25mm). It has various colors and is milky. Cloudy or semi-opalescent.
Glass mosaic has the advantages of corrosion resistance, non-fading, beautiful color, cleanliness, low price, convenient construction, etc., and is well received by the construction industry and users. Glass mosaic is mainly used for exterior wall decoration. It not only embellishes and beautifies the city, but also protects the wall and prolongs the service life and maintenance cycle of the building. In addition, due to the low investment of glass mosaics, quick results, and relatively simple production process and operation, since the 1980s, the company has developed rapidly, and enterprises have spread all over the country. There are nearly 200 mosaic manufacturers, with an annual output of over 100 million square meters. As exterior wall decoration and wall protection are more and more valued by the state and local governments, new exterior wall decoration materials have been emerging in recent years, and the market competition has become particularly fierce. Recently, the glass mosaic industry has been continuously improving product structure and production technology. And the level of technical equipment, especially the double-knife molding improves the appearance quality of glass mosaics. Large pieces of glass mosaics are also put on the market, making the market prospects of glass mosaics always optimistic.
22. What is anti-theft glass?
Anti-theft glass is transparent and high-strength glass that cannot be destroyed with simple tools, and can effectively prevent theft or damage from happening. Anti-theft glass is usually made of multiple layers of high-strength organic transparent materials and adhesive layer materials. In order to give early warning performance, a metal wire mesh can also be sandwiched in the adhesive layer to embed visible light, infrared, temperature, pressure and other sensors and alarms. device. Once the thief commits the crime, the alarm device in the glass is triggered, and even the wounding weapon or stun gas connected in series is triggered, so as to catch the thief in time and protect the property from being stolen. Anti-theft glass is mainly used in bank vaults, weapon warehouses, cultural relics warehouses, exhibition cabinets, and valuable commodity counters.
23. What is explosion-proof glass?
Explosion-proof glass is a glass that can prevent the shrapnel of bombs and other explosives from harming the human body. It is mainly used for observation holes in high-pressure containers, medical hyperbaric oxygen chambers, high-pressure laboratories, mine blasting, and front-line command posts. Its structure and performance can be designed according to the size of the explosive force, the characteristics of the materials used and the related reinforcement methods, etc., to achieve the maximum protection of personal safety. The structure of explosion-proof glass is basically similar to that of bullet-proof glass, but its effective use area is often Greater than bulletproof glass, the performance requirements are more demanding.
24. What is spray sculpture and stained glass?
Spray-carved glass and stained glass are decorative products that integrate art and technology. Spray-carved glass has plane carving and three-dimensional carving. Various patterns such as flowers, birds, landscapes, etc. can be carved on the surface of the glass, which can be made into bright flowers. The layout of the fur bottom and the fur flower bright bottom. It can be used to make glass furniture, handicraft partitions, screens, murals and other products, which can create a crystal clear atmosphere for interior decoration, and is an excellent material for hotel restaurants and home interior decoration. At the same time, it can also be made into a light piece for a large chandelier. Stained glass is also a kind of decorative glass. It draws various patterns on the transparent glass plane and is colored with bright and dazzling colors. Bright and colorful ornaments that can bring out the interior structure of the building.
25. What is chemical tempered glass?
Chemical toughening is the surface compressive stress of glass formed by ion exchange. This treatment is particularly suitable for 2-4mm thick glass. The advantage of chemically tempered glass is that it has not undergone a high temperature process above the transition temperature, so there will be no warping like physical tempered glass, the surface flatness is the same as the original glass, and the strength and temperature resistance are improved to a certain extent, and can be appropriately used. Cut processing. The disadvantage of chemical tempering is that stress relaxation is easy to occur over time. At present, there are protective technological measures, which make chemical tempered glass have irreplaceable application characteristics of other tempered glass varieties.
Application:
It can be directly used as a single piece or processed into laminated glass, which is widely used in copiers, diving goggles, microwave ovens, ovens, instrument covers, tempered laminated glass, etc.
It can be processed into special-purpose laminated glass for military vehicles, advanced vehicles, trains, trams, engineering vehicles, aviation, ships and various bulletproof glass.
26. What is electromagnetic shielding glass?
1. Structure: This product is made by sandwiching a specially treated metal mesh between two layers of glass or transparent resin. The color of the metal mesh is generally black, and the wire diameter and aperture of the metal mesh vary according to the application. The perimeter of the glass is left with a metal mesh mounting edge for connection to the device. The size of the metal mesh mounting edge is determined by the user's structure.
2. Shielding performance: According to the shielding performance, it is divided into two grades: high and low:
Low-grade: in the 30MHz~1GHL frequency band, the shielding performance is above 60dB, mainly used for shielding room windows.
High-grade: in the 30MHz~1GH frequency range, the shielding performance is above 80dB, mainly used for various electronic equipment and precision instruments.
3. Optical properties: good light transmittance and high resolution, good visual effect, no net feeling, making the image clearer.
4. Mechanical properties:
Vibration resistance: 10~17HZ 0.1mm
17~50HZ 0.2mm
50~500HZ 2.5mm
Shock resistance: acceleration 15g 11nS 1/2 sine wave does not destroy
5. Main use:
(1) Prevent information leakage and effectively prevent electromagnetic waves from harming the human body.
(2) The anti-electromagnetic wave radiation performance has been strictly tested by authoritative departments, and the attenuation of electromagnetic power in the 10MHZ-100MHZ frequency band is greater than 99.9%
(3) 100% elimination of surface static electricity
(4) Harmful stray light to the human body, the absorption rate is greater than 75%
(5) Increase the screen resolution
(6) Has the characteristics of explosion-proof glass
27. What is Naifzhao glass?
Various defects in the structure of glass materials are prone to generate a certain amount of free electrons and holes under the radiation and bombardment of high-energy rays and particles, and these free electrons and holes combine with the defects in the glass to form light absorbing" "color center", which makes the glass become discolored or even black, which greatly reduces the transmittance of the glass. Lithium-aluminosilicate glass is selected as the basic composition, and a radiation-resistant stabilizer is introduced to hinder and reduce the formation of "color centers", thereby improving the radiation stability of the glass. The glass has high mechanical strength, good chemical stability, excellent thermal shock resistance,
Suitable for glass reinforcement. It can be used as radiation-resistant transparent materials, such as radiation-resistant glass cover sheets for solar cells, ray tubes, covers, etc. It has great application value in aerospace, national defense and other fields.
28. What is anti-ultraviolet glass?
The UV-blocking glass is prepared by doping the UV-cutting agent CeO2 into the glass. The glass is basically composed of aluminosilicate and has good chemical stability, thermal shock resistance and radiation resistance. It can be used as a transparent material for isolating and filtering out UV radiation, such as: UV-proof windows, UV-cutting shields for lasers, UV aging protection for organic materials, etc., and has a wide range of applications.
29. What is hot melt glass?
Hot-melt glass, also known as crystal three-dimensional art glass, is a new family that has begun to appear in the decoration industry. Hot melt glass originated from western countries and entered the Chinese market in recent years. In the past, foreign products were all on the market in my country, but now domestic glass manufacturers have introduced products produced by foreign hot-melting furnaces. Hot-melt glass has become the focus of attention of design units, glass processing owners, and decoration owners due to its unique decorative effect. Hot-melt glass spans the existing glass forms, gives full play to the artistic conception of designers and processors, and integrates modern or classical art forms into the glass, so that flat glass can be processed into various concave-convex and colorful artistic effects. . There are many types of hot-melt glass products. At present, there are hot-melt glass bricks, hot-melt glass for doors and windows, large-scale wall embedded glass, partition glass, one-piece bathroom glass washbasin, finished mirror frame, glass artwork, etc. Unique glass materials and artistic effects are very extensive. Hot-melt glass is made of a special hot-melting furnace, with flat glass and inorganic pigments as the main raw materials, and a specific heating program and annealing curve are set. If necessary, engraving, drilling, trimming and other subsequent processes are processed.
30. What is breathing glass?
Respiratory like living things, it is used to eliminate people's discomfort in the room. Japan Yoshida Industry Co., Ltd. has successfully developed a breathing window that can eliminate discomfort after applying the German patent with a slight improvement, named 丨FJ window. After guillotining, the temperature difference in the room equipped with breathing glass is only about 0.5 degrees Celsius, which is especially suitable for people's senses. Not only that, breathing glass also has a high energy saving effect. According to the routine, its air-conditioning load factor is 80, and after installing the breathing window, it drops to 51.9 (the smaller the factor, the better the energy-saving performance). According to reports, the breathing window frame is made of a special aluminum profile material with thermal insulation on the outside, while the window glass is made of double glazing that reflects infrared rays, leaving a 12 mm gap between the double glazing and inert gas. Argon, the glass near the inside of the room is coated with a metallic film.
31. What is vacuum glass?
This kind of glass is double-layered. Because it is evacuated into a vacuum in the double-layered glass, it has the characteristics of extremely high thermal resistance, which is unmatched by other glasses. It has been widely believed that vacuum windows have high practicality. In the sweltering summer, the outdoor high temperature cannot be brought into the room; in the severe winter, the heating in the room will not escape, which can be regarded as a "loyal guard against the heat and cold, and there are no drawbacks caused by air conditioning.
32. What is colored tweezers embedded glass?
The use of colored mosaic glass can not only bring people a new feeling, but also it has a modern shape, classical elegance, integration of artistry and practicality, coupled with ingenious conception and new craftsmanship, it can play a personal aesthetic point of view, According to their own design creativity and ingenuity, they can be combined at will. Today's more popular types are: embossed, ice crystal, mirror, frosted, edged and colored glass of various colors, with copper or aluminum strip metal frames for slightly different delicate mosaics.
33. What is insulating glass?
Insulating glass is composed of two or more layers of flat glass. Use high-strength, high-air-tight, high-performance composite adhesive around the two or more pieces of glass to bond and seal with sealing strips and glass strips, fill the middle with drying gas, and fill the frame with desiccant to ensure the space between the glass pieces. dryness of the air. Because of its characteristics, it has good thermal insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation and other properties due to a certain cavity. It is mainly used for the outer glass decoration of heating, air conditioning and noise reduction facilities. Its optical properties, thermal conductivity, and sound insulation coefficient should meet national standards.
34. What is high performance insulating glass?
In addition to sealing the dry air between the two layers of glass, the high-performance insulating glass should also coat a special metal film with good thermal performance on the air layer side of the outer glass, which can block the energy of solar ultraviolet rays entering the room. . Its characteristics are that it has better energy-saving effect, heat insulation, heat preservation, and improves the indoor environment of the living room. The exterior is available in eight colors and has excellent Art Deco value.
35. What is tempered glass?
Tempered glass is also called tempered glass. It is a glass that is specially treated by a method of heating to a certain temperature and then rapidly cooling, or a chemical method. Its characteristics are high strength, and its bending strength and impact strength are 3 to 5 times higher than that of Xitong flat glass. It has good safety performance, uniform internal stress, and cracks in the form of a network after being broken. Mainly used for doors and windows, partition walls and cabinet doors. Tempered glass is still resistant to wind and alkali. The general thickness is 2-5 mm. Its size is 400 mm X 900 mm, 500 mm X 1200 mm.
36. What is semi-tempered glass?
Semi-tempered glass is a type between Xitong flat glass and tempered glass. It has some advantages of tempered glass, such as higher strength than Xitong glass, while avoiding the poor flatness of tempered glass, easy to self-explode, once damaged That is, an unsatisfactory weakness such as the overall crushing. When the semi-tempered glass is damaged, it will crack radially along the crack source, and generally there is no tangential crack propagation, so it can still maintain the whole without slumping after damage.
Semi-tempered glass is suitable for curtain walls and exterior windows in buildings, and can be made into tempered coated glass, which has better image distortion than tempered glass. However, it should be noted that semi-tempered glass does not belong to the scope of safety glass, because once it is broken, there are still sharp fragments that may hurt people, so it cannot be used for skylights and occasions where human body impact may occur. The surface compressive stress of semi-tempered glass is between 24MPa and 52MPa, and the surface pressure of tempered glass should be greater than 69MPa. The production process of semi-tempered glass is the same as that of tempered glass, only the wind pressure at the quenching position is different, and the cooling energy is smaller than that of tempered glass.
37. What is wired glass?
Wired glass is also known as shatterproof glass. It is made by heating Xitong flat glass to a red-hot softening state, and then pressing the preheated iron wire or wire mesh into the middle of the glass. Its characteristics are superior fire resistance, can block the flame, will not burst when burning at high temperature, and will not cause debris to hurt people when broken. In addition, there is anti-theft performance, glass cutting and barbed wire blocking. Mainly used for roof skylights and balcony windows.
38. What is glass mosaic?
Glass mosaics are also called glass mosaic tiles or cellophane tiles. It is a small size colored finish glass. The general specifications are 20mm x 40mm, 30mm x 40mm, 40mm x 40mm. Thickness is 4-6 mm. Small pieces of vitreous inlay material in various colors. Appearance is colorless and transparent, colored and transparent, translucent, with gold, silver spots, patterns or stripes. The front is glossy, smooth and delicate; the back has rougher grooves for easy pasting with mortar. The characteristics are: it has the advantages of soft tone, simple, elegant, beautiful appearance, chemical stability, good thermal stability and so on. In addition, it has the characteristics of no discoloration, no dust accumulation, light weight, and strong adhesion. It is mostly used in indoor parts. The exterior decoration of the balcony, its compressive strength, tensile strength, blooming temperature, water resistance, and acid resistance should meet national standards. .
39. What is float glass?
The molding process of float production is that the molten glass completed in the tin bath with protective gas (N2 and H2) flows continuously from the pool kiln and floats on the surface of the relatively dense tin liquid. The effect of stress and surface tension Then, the glass liquid is spread out on the tin liquid surface, flattened, the upper and lower surfaces are formed flat, hardened, and then led to the transition roller table after cooling. The rollers of the roller table rotate to pull the glass ribbon out of the tin bath and enter the annealing kiln. After annealing and cutting, flat glass products are obtained. Compared with other forming methods, the advantages of the float method are: it is suitable for high-efficiency production of high-quality flat glass, such as no rib, uniform thickness, flat upper and lower surfaces, and parallel to each other; the scale of the production line is not limited by the forming method, and the energy per unit product Low consumption; high utilization rate of finished products; easy to scientifically manage and realize full mechanization and automation, high labor productivity; continuous operation cycle can be as long as several years, which is conducive to stable production; it can provide suitable conditions for online production of some new varieties, Such as electric float reflective glass, spray coating glass during annealing, cold end surface treatment, etc.
40. What is patterned glass?
Patterned glass, also known as patterned glass or knurled glass, is a kind of flat glass manufactured by calendering method. The manufacturing process is divided into single-roll method and double-roll method. The single-roll method is to pour the glass liquid onto the calendering table. The table can be made of cast iron or cast steel. The table or the roller is engraved with patterns. The roller is rolled on the glass surface, and the patterned glass is sent to the annealing kiln. The production of patterned glass by the double-roll method is divided into two processes: semi-continuous calendering and continuous calendering. The glass liquid passes through a pair of water-cooled rolls, and is pulled forward to the annealing kiln with the rotation of the rolls. Generally, the surface of the lower roll has a concave and convex pattern, and the upper roll is a polishing roll to produce patterned glass on one side. The physical and chemical properties of patterned glass are basically the same as those of Xitong transparent flat glass. Patterned glass is suitable for indoor partitions in buildings, bathroom doors and windows and other occasions that need to block sight lines.
- Transferred from Xinglass.com
